Kuwunika kwa vuto la kulumikizana pakati pa seti ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi kusungirako mphamvu

Pano pali kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa Chingerezi pazifukwa zinayi zazikuluzikulu zokhudzana ndi kulumikizidwa kwa seti ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi machitidwe osungira mphamvu. Mphamvu yosakanizidwa iyi (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "Dizilo + Kusungirako" hybrid microgrid) ndi njira yowonjezera yowonjezera mphamvu, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi azikhala okhazikika, koma kuwongolera kwake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Chidule cha Nkhani Zazikulu

1. 100ms Reverse Power Vuto: Momwe mungatetezere kusungirako mphamvu kuchokera ku mphamvu yodyetsa kumbuyo kupita ku jenereta ya dizilo, potero kuiteteza.
2. Kutulutsa Mphamvu Kwanthawi Zonse: Momwe mungasungire injini ya dizilo ikuyenda mosadukiza m'malo ake ochita bwino kwambiri.
3. Kusiyidwa Mwadzidzidzi kwa Kusungirako Mphamvu: Momwe mungathanirane ndi zomwe zimachitika pomwe makina osungira mphamvu amasiya mwadzidzidzi pamaneti.
4. Vuto Lamphamvu Lamphamvu: Momwe mungagwirizanitsire kugawana mphamvu pakati pa magwero awiriwa kuti mutsimikizire kukhazikika kwamagetsi.

1. Vuto Lamphamvu la 100ms Reverse Power

Kufotokozera Kwavuto:
Mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo imachitika pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera kumagetsi osungira mphamvu (kapena katundu) kubwerera ku seti ya jenereta ya dizilo. Kwa injini ya dizilo, izi zimakhala ngati "motor," kuyendetsa injiniyo. Izi ndizowopsa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kubweretsa:

• Kuwonongeka Kwamakina: Kuyendetsa molakwika kwa injini kumatha kuwononga zinthu monga crankshaft ndi ndodo zolumikizira.
• Kusakhazikika Kwadongosolo: Kumayambitsa kusinthasintha kwa liwiro la injini ya dizilo (kawirikawiri) ndi ma voliyumu, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti azimitsidwa.

Zofunikira kuti zithetsedwe mkati mwa 100ms zilipo chifukwa majenereta a dizilo ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu zamakina ndipo machitidwe awo oyendetsa liwiro amayankha pang'onopang'ono (makamaka pa dongosolo la masekondi). Sangadzidalire okha kuti atseke mwachangu kubwereza kwamagetsi uku. Ntchitoyi iyenera kugwiridwa ndi ultra-fast responding Power Conversion System (PCS) ya makina osungira mphamvu.

Yankho:

• Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri: "Dizilo amatsogolera, kusungirako kumatsatira." M'dongosolo lonse, jenereta ya dizilo imakhala ngati gwero lamagetsi ndi ma frequency (mwachitsanzo, V/F control mode), ofanana ndi "gridi." Dongosolo losungiramo mphamvu limagwira ntchito mu Constant Power (PQ) Control Mode, pomwe mphamvu yake yotulutsa imatsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo ochokera kwa wolamulira wamkulu.
• Control Logic:
  1. Kuyang'anira Nthawi Yeniyeni: Woyang'anira makina (kapena PCS yokhayo) amayang'anira mphamvu zotuluka (P_diesel) ndi mayendedwe a jenereta ya dizilo mu nthawi yeniyeni pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, maulendo masauzande pamphindikati).
  2. Power Setpoint: Malo opangira mphamvu zosungira mphamvu (P_set) ayenera kukwaniritsa:P_load(mphamvu zolemetsa zonse) =P_diesel+P_set.
  3. Kusintha mwachangu: Katundu akachepa mwadzidzidzi, kumayambitsaP_dieselkuti ikhale yoipa, wolamulirayo ayenera kutumiza lamulo ku PCS yosungirako kuti achepetse mphamvu yake yotulutsa kapena kusintha mphamvu yoyamwa (charging). Izi zimatenga mphamvu yochulukirapo mu mabatire, kuonetsetsaP_dieselamakhalabe zabwino.
• Chitetezo chaukadaulo:
  • Kulankhulana Kwambiri: Njira zoyankhulirana zothamanga kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, basi ya CAN, Ethernet yofulumira) imafunikira pakati pa wowongolera dizilo, PCS yosungira, ndi woyang'anira wamkulu wa dongosolo kuti awonetsetse kuchedwa kochepa kwamalamulo.
  • Kuyankha Mwachangu kwa PC: Magawo amakono osungira a PCS ali ndi nthawi yoyankha mwachangu kuposa 100ms, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa 10ms, kuwapangitsa kukhala okhoza kukwaniritsa izi.
  • Chitetezo Chowonjezera: Kupitilira pa ulalo wowongolera, cholumikizira chachitetezo chamagetsi nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pamagetsi otulutsa dizilo ngati chotchinga chomaliza. Komabe, nthawi yake yogwiritsira ntchito ikhoza kukhala ma milliseconds mazana angapo, kotero imakhala ngati chitetezo chosunga zobwezeretsera; pachimake chitetezo mofulumira amadalira dongosolo ulamuliro.

2. Kutulutsa Kwamagetsi Kokhazikika

Kufotokozera Kwavuto:
Injini za dizilo zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso zimatulutsa mpweya wochepa kwambiri m'kati mwa katundu wambiri pafupifupi 60% -80% ya mphamvu zawo zovoteledwa. Katundu wocheperako amayambitsa "kunyowa konyowa" komanso kuchuluka kwa kaboni, pomwe katundu wambiri amachulukitsa kwambiri mafuta ndikuchepetsa moyo. Cholinga chake ndikulekanitsa dizilo kuti isasunthike, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika pamalo okhazikika.

Yankho:

• “Kumeta Peak ndi Kudzaza Chigwa” Njira Yowongolera:
  1. Khazikitsani Basepoint: Seti ya jenereta ya dizilo imagwira ntchito pamagetsi okhazikika omwe amayikidwa pamalo ake abwino (mwachitsanzo, 70% ya mphamvu zovoteledwa).
  2. Malamulo osungira:
     • Pamene Kufuna Katundu> Dizilo Setpoint: Mphamvu yoperewera (P_load - P_diesel_set) imaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu.
     • Pamene Load Demand < Dizilo Setpoint: Mphamvu yowonjezera (P_diesel_set - P_load) imatengedwa ndi njira yosungiramo mphamvu yolipirira.
• Ubwino Wadongosolo:
  • Injini ya dizilo imayenda mosalekeza pakuchita bwino kwambiri, bwino, kukulitsa moyo wake ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza.
  • Makina osungira mphamvu amawongolera kusinthasintha kwa katundu, kulepheretsa kusagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuvala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa dizilo pafupipafupi.
  • Kuchuluka kwamafuta kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

3. Kutha Mwadzidzidzi kwa Kusungirako Mphamvu

Kufotokozera Kwavuto:
Makina osungira mphamvu amatha kugwa mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha kulephera kwa batri, vuto la PCS, kapena maulendo otetezedwa. Mphamvu yomwe imagwiridwa kale ndi yosungirako (kaya yopangira kapena kuwononga) imasamutsidwa nthawi yomweyo ku seti ya jenereta ya dizilo, ndikupanga kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwamagetsi.

Zowopsa:

• Ngati chosungiracho chinali kutulutsa (chothandizira katundu), kulumikizidwa kwake kumasamutsa katundu wathunthu ku dizilo, zomwe zingayambitse kuchulukira, kutsika kwafupipafupi (liwiro) ndi kutseka kwachitetezo.
• Ngati chosungiracho chinali chochapira (kutengera mphamvu zochulukirapo), kulumikizidwa kwake kumasiya mphamvu yochulukirapo ya dizilo ilibe kwina kolowera, zomwe zitha kubweretsa mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo ndi kuphulika, ndikuyambitsanso kuyimitsa.

Yankho:

• Dizilo Side Spinning Reserve: Seti ya jenereta ya dizilo siyenera kukulitsidwa chifukwa cha malo ake abwino kwambiri. Iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphamvu yochuluka ya makina ndi 1000kW ndipo dizilo imayenda pa 700kW, mphamvu ya dizilo iyenera kupitirira 700kW + mphamvu yaikulu yomwe ingatheke (kapena mphamvu yaikulu yosungiramo), mwachitsanzo, chigawo cha 1000kW chomwe chasankhidwa, chopatsa 300kW buffer chifukwa cholephera kusunga.
• Kuwongolera Katundu Mwachangu:
  1. System Real-time Monitoring: Imayang'anira mosalekeza momwe zinthu zilili komanso kayendedwe ka mphamvu zosungirako.
  2. Kuzindikira Zolakwa: Pambuyo pozindikira kutsekedwa kwadzidzidzi, woyang'anira wamkulu amatumiza chizindikiro chochepetsera katundu mwachangu kwa wowongolera dizilo.
  3. Mayankho a Dizilo: Wowongolera dizilo amagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo (mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa jekeseni wamafuta mwachangu) kuyesa kutsitsa mphamvu kuti ifanane ndi katundu watsopano. Mphamvu yozungulira yozungulira imagula nthawi yoyankha mochedwa pamakina.
• Malo Otsiriza Otsiriza: Kukhetsa Katundu: Ngati kugwedeza kwamphamvu kuli kwakukulu kwambiri kuti dizilo igwire, chitetezo chodalirika kwambiri ndikuchotsa katundu wosafunikira, kuika patsogolo chitetezo cha katundu wovuta kwambiri ndi jenereta yokha. Chiwembu chotsitsa katundu ndi chofunikira chofunikira pachitetezo pamapangidwe adongosolo.

4. Vuto Lamphamvu Logwira Ntchito

Kufotokozera Kwavuto:
Mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa maginito ndipo ndizofunikira kuti magetsi azikhala okhazikika pamakina a AC. Majenereta a dizilo ndi ma PCS osungira ayenera kutenga nawo gawo pakuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi.

• Jenereta wa Dizilo: Imawongolera mphamvu zotulutsa mphamvu ndi voteji posintha chisangalalo chake. Mphamvu zake zogwira ntchito ndizochepa, ndipo kuyankha kwake kumachedwa.
• Ma PC Osungira: Magawo ambiri amakono a PCS ali ndi magawo anayi, kutanthauza kuti amatha kubaya mwaokha komanso mwachangu kapena kuyamwa mphamvu zogwira ntchito (ngati sakupitilira mphamvu yawo yowonekera kVA).

Chovuta: Momwe mungagwirizanitse zonsezi kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwamagetsi popanda kudzaza gawo lililonse.

Yankho:

• Njira Zowongolera:
  1. Dizilo Imayendetsa Voltage: Seti ya jenereta ya dizilo imayikidwa ku V/F mode, yomwe ili ndi udindo wokhazikitsa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kubwereza pafupipafupi. Amapereka "gwero lamagetsi" lokhazikika.
  2. Kusungirako Kutenga Mbali Pamalamulo Okhazikika (Mwasankha):
     • PQ Mode: Kusungirako kumangogwira ntchito mphamvu (P), ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito (Q) khalani ku ziro. Dizilo amapereka mphamvu zonse zotakataka. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta koma imalemetsa dizilo.
     • Reactive Power Dispatch Mode: Wolamulira wamkulu wamakina amatumiza maulamuliro amphamvu (Q_set) ku PCS yosungirako kutengera momwe ma voltage alili pano. Ngati voteji yamagetsi ndi yochepa, lamulani malo osungiramo kuti alowetse mphamvu yogwira ntchito; ngati ili pamwamba, ilamule kuti itenge mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Izi zimachepetsa kulemedwa kwa dizilo, kulola kuyang'ana kwambiri mphamvu yogwira ntchito, pomwe ikupereka kukhazikika kwamphamvu komanso mwachangu.
     • Power Factor (PF) Control Mode: Chandamale yamagetsi (mwachitsanzo, 0.95) imayikidwa, ndipo zosungirako zimasintha zokha zomwe zimatuluka kuti zikhalebe ndi mphamvu zonse zokhazikika pama terminal a jenereta ya dizilo.
• Kuganizira Zakuthekera: Ma PCS osungira ayenera kukula ndi mphamvu yowoneka bwino (kVA). Mwachitsanzo, 500kW PCS yotulutsa 400kW yamphamvu yogwira imatha kupereka mphamvu yochulukirapo.sqrt (500² - 400²) = 300kVArya mphamvu zotakataka. Ngati mphamvu yowonjezera ikufunika, PCS yokulirapo ndiyofunika.

Chidule

Kupeza bwino kulumikizana kokhazikika pakati pa seti ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi kusungirako mphamvu kumatengera ulamuliro wamakhalidwe:

1. Chigawo cha Hardware: Sankhani PCS yosungirako yomwe imayankha mwachangu ndi chowongolera cha jenereta ya dizilo chokhala ndi zolumikizira zothamanga kwambiri.
2. Control Layer: Gwiritsani ntchito zomanga zoyambira za "Dizilo seti V/F, Kusungirako kumachita PQ." Woyang'anira makina othamanga kwambiri amapanga mphamvu zenizeni zotumizira mphamvu zogwira ntchito "peak shaving / valley filling" ndi kuthandizira mphamvu zowonongeka.
3. Chigawo cha Chitetezo: Kapangidwe kake kamayenera kukhala ndi mapulani achitetezo okwanira: chitetezo champhamvu chobwerera kumbuyo, chitetezo cholemetsa, komanso kuwongolera katundu (ngakhale kukhetsa) njira zothanirana ndi kutha kosungirako mwadzidzidzi.

Kudzera m'mayankho omwe tafotokozawa, mfundo zinayi zazikuluzikulu zomwe mudadzutsa zitha kuwongoleredwa bwino kuti mupange makina osakanikirana amagetsi osungika bwino, okhazikika, komanso odalirika a dizilo.