Choyamba, tiyenera kuchepetsa zomwe zikukambidwa kuti tipewe kulakwitsa kwambiri. Jenereta yomwe ikukambidwa pano ikutanthauza jenereta yopanda burashi, yokhala ndi magawo atatu a AC synchronous, yomwe imangotchedwa "jenereta".
Mtundu uwu wa jenereta uli ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu, omwe adzatchulidwa muzokambirana izi:
Jenereta yayikulu, yogawidwa m'magulu awiri: stator yayikulu ndi rotor yayikulu; rotor yayikulu imapereka mphamvu ya maginito, ndipo stator yayikulu imapanga magetsi kuti ipereke katundu; Exciter, yogawidwa m'magulu awiri: exciter stator ndi rotor; exciter stator imapereka mphamvu ya maginito, rotor imapanga magetsi, ndipo ikakonzedwa ndi commutator yozungulira, imapereka mphamvu ku rotor yayikulu; Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) imazindikira mphamvu ya jenereta yayikulu, imawongolera mphamvu ya coil ya exciter stator, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chokhazikitsa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya stator yayikulu.
Kufotokozera kwa ntchito yokhazikika ya magetsi a AVR
Cholinga cha AVR ndikusunga voteji yotulutsa ya jenereta yokhazikika, yomwe imadziwika kuti "voltage stabilizer".
Ntchito yake ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya stator ya exciter pamene mphamvu yotulutsa ya jenereta ili yotsika kuposa mtengo woikika, zomwe zikufanana ndi kukweza mphamvu yotulutsa ya rotor yayikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya jenereta yayikulu ikwere kufika pamtengo woikika; M'malo mwake, chepetsani mphamvu yotulutsa ndikulola mphamvu kuti ichepe; Ngati mphamvu yotulutsa ya jenereta ili yofanana ndi mtengo woikika, AVR imasunga mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe ilipo popanda kusintha.
Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi ubale wa gawo pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi magetsi, katundu wa AC akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Kulemera kotsutsa, komwe mphamvu yamagetsi ili mu gawo limodzi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito; Kulemera koyambitsa, gawo la mphamvu yamagetsi likutsalira kumbuyo kwa mphamvu yamagetsi; Kulemera kosinthika, gawo la mphamvu yamagetsi lili patsogolo pa mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuyerekeza makhalidwe atatu a mphamvu yamagetsi kumatithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi.
Pa katundu woletsa, katundu akakula, mphamvu yosonkhezera imakulanso kwambiri pa rotor yayikulu (kuti ikhazikitse mphamvu yotulutsa ya jenereta).
Mu zokambirana zotsatira, tigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yofunikira pa katundu wotsutsa ngati muyezo wofotokozera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zazikulu zimatchedwa zazikulu; Timazitcha zazing'ono kuposa izo.
Pamene katundu wa jenereta ndi woyambitsa, rotor yaikulu imafuna mphamvu yowonjezera kuti jenereta ikhale ndi mphamvu yotulutsa yokhazikika.
Katundu wokwanira
Jenereta ikakumana ndi katundu wochepa, mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe imafunika ndi rotor yayikulu imakhala yochepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yotulutsa iyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti ikhazikitse mphamvu yotulutsa ya jenereta.
N’chifukwa chiyani izi zinachitika?
Tiyenera kukumbukirabe kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitive load ili patsogolo pa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi iyi (yomwe ikuyenda mu stator yayikulu) ipanga mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku injini yaikulu, yomwe imayikidwa bwino ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku injini yaikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ya injini yaikulu ikhale yolimba. Chifukwa chake mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku injini iyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku injini yamagetsi ikhale yokhazikika.
Pamene mphamvu ya capacitive ikukula, mphamvu ya exciter imachepetsa; Pamene mphamvu ya capacitive ikukula kufika pamlingo winawake, mphamvu ya exciter iyenera kuchepetsedwa kufika pa zero. Mphamvu ya exciter ndi zero, yomwe ndi malire a jenereta; Pakadali pano, mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa ya jenereta sidzakhala yokhazikika yokha, ndipo mtundu uwu wamagetsi suli woyenera. Kuchepa kumeneku kumadziwikanso kuti 'pansi pa kuletsa kukwiya'.
Jenereta imatha kungolandira mphamvu zochepa zolemetsa; (Zachidziwikire, pa jenereta inayake, palinso zoletsa pa kukula kwa katundu wotsutsa kapena woyambitsa.)
Ngati pulojekiti ikuvutika ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, n'zotheka kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito magwero amagetsi a IT okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pa kilowati iliyonse, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma inductors kuti alipire. Musalole kuti jenereta igwire ntchito pafupi ndi malo "omwe ali pansi pa malire oyambitsa".
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-07-2023
