Monga zida zamagetsi zophatikizika komanso zogawika,chidebe champhamvu kwambiriimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafakitale, magetsi adzidzidzi, magetsi m'madera akutali ndi zina chifukwa cha ubwino wake wokhazikitsa mosavuta, chitetezo champhamvu komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Pakati pawo, chitsanzo cha 10.5kV ndi kasinthidwe kabwino ka ntchito zamakono zamakono, ndipo chingathenso kusintha mosinthasintha malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za magetsi monga 6.3kV, 6kV ndi 11kV. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zambiri za kasinthidwe ka magetsi ka chipangizo chamagetsi champhamvu, kuphatikizapo makina oyambira, zida zothandizira, zitsimikizo zachitetezo ndi miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito, kupereka malangizo aukadaulo okwanira pakusankha, kukhazikitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza chipangizocho.
Kapangidwe ka magetsi ka chipangizo chamagetsi champhamvu kwambiri kamadalira magawo ovoteledwa, omwe amafotokoza kukula ndi njira yogwirira ntchito ya chipangizocho. Mphamvu yamagetsi yovoteledwa ya chipangizocho ndi 10.5kV (voltage ya mzere), pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi ya magawo atatu ya 50Hz, mphamvu yovoteledwa yodziwika bwino imaphimba 800kW ~ 3000kW, ndipo liwiro lovoteledwa limasungidwa bwino pa 1500rpm kuti zitsimikizire kuti magetsi akupitilizabe komanso kukhazikika. Jenereta imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira ya magawo atatu ya Y, ndipo mfundo yopanda mbali imayikidwa pansi kudzera mu resistor ya NGR, yomwe imachepetsa bwino mphamvu yamagetsi ya pansi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo limakhala lotetezeka; kalasi yotenthetsera imafika ku Class H, ndipo kukwera kwa kutentha kumayesedwa malinga ndi Class F, yomwe imatha kusintha malinga ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito pansi pa zovuta zogwirira ntchito; pankhani ya kalasi yoteteza, jenereta ndi IP23, ndipo thupi lalikulu la chidebecho ndi IP54/IP55, yomwe imatha kukana bwino kulowerera kwa fumbi lakunja, madzi amvula ndi zonyansa zina, ndipo ndiyoyenera kuyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito panja komanso panja.
Dongosolo lalikulu la jenereta ndiye maziko a magetsi a chipangizocho, ndipo kasinthidwe kake kamatsimikizira mwachindunji mtundu wa magetsi ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito. Gawo lalikulu la dongosololi ndi jenereta yolumikizana yopanda burashi, yomwe ingasankhidwe ngati mtundu wonyamula umodzi kapena wonyamula kawiri malinga ndi zofunikira. Mtunduwu ndi wabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi monga Stamford, Leroy Somer ndi Meccalte, kapena zinthu zapakhomo zamphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana. Njira yotsatsira imagwiritsa ntchito kutsatsira kwa maginito kosatha kwa PMG kuphatikiza ndi AVR ya digito. Kapangidwe kameneka sikuti kali ndi mphamvu yabwino yotsutsana ndi kupotoza, komanso kamatha kukwaniritsa malamulo olondola a magetsi, omwe pakati pake mulingo wokhazikika wa magetsi ndi ≤±0.25%, ndipo mphamvu yotsatsira imatha kufika pa 10s 300% overload, kuonetsetsa kuti chipangizocho chikhoza kusungabe kukhazikika kwa magetsi pamene katundu akusintha. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mafunde a jenereta omwe amasinthasintha ndi ≤3% (palibe katundu ndi theka la katundu), kukana kuzizira (15–35℃) ndi ≥2MΩ, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapirira mafunde imatha kupirira mphindi 1 ya 42kV (pansi), yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira za kutenthetsa ndi kupirira magetsi a zida zamagetsi amphamvu. Kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha makina, chipangizocho chili ndi kabati yokhazikika ya neutral point (NGR), yomwe ili ndi zotsutsana ndi nthaka, ma transformer amagetsi, zida zoteteza kulephera kwa nthaka, ma switch olekanitsa, magetsi owonetsa ndi zina. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya nthaka, kuletsa kupitirira kwa mphamvu, ndikuthandizira kugwedezeka kwa makina oteteza ma relay kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha kukulira kwa zolakwika.
Dongosolo losinthira magetsi amphamvu ndi kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yolumikizira ndi kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi za chipangizochi, makamaka kuphatikiza switchgear yamagetsi amphamvu, PT cabinet ndi parallel cabinet (yokonzedwa pamene mayunitsi angapo akuyenderana). Pakati pawo, switchgear yamagetsi amphamvu, monga kabati yotulutsira magetsi, ili ndi vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) ngati gawo lake lalikulu, yokhala ndi voltage yovomerezeka ya 12kV ndi mphamvu yosweka ya ≥25kA, yomwe imatha kudula mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosololi lili ndi chitetezo. Kabati ili ndi gulu loyezera ndi kuteteza (5P20) CT/PT, lomwe PT imafotokoza ndi 10.5kV/0.1kV, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa magetsi, kuwongolera kulumikizana ndi kuteteza magetsi amphamvu/osapitirira mphamvu; nthawi yomweyo, ili ndi chogwirira cha zinc oxide cha 10kV kuti chiteteze bwino jenereta ndi transformer yayikulu ku mphamvu yamagetsi amphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, switchgear ilinso ndi ntchito zoteteza zolakwika zapansi panthaka, zodzaza ndi zinthu zambiri komanso zoteteza kulephera kwa nthaka, imathandizira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwamanja ndi magetsi, ndipo ili ndi zida zowonetsera malo ndi zolumikizira zamagetsi kuti zisagwire ntchito molakwika. Kabati ya PT ndi njira yosankha, yomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka zizindikiro zamagetsi, zizindikiro zolumikizira, magetsi ndi magwero amagetsi oteteza makina, kuonetsetsa kuti makina owongolera ndi oteteza akugwira ntchito bwino. Pamene mayunitsi angapo amafunika kulumikizidwa, kabati yolumikizana imafunika. Kabatiyo imaphatikiza zida zolumikizira zokha ndi zolumikizira zamanja, imakhala ndi kusiyana kwa ma frequency, kusiyana kwa magetsi ndi kusiyana kwa ngodya, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito zolumikizira zokha komanso kugawana mphamvu yogwira ntchito pakati pa mayunitsi, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yofanana ndi yokhazikika komanso yotsika mtengo.
Dongosolo lowongolera ndi kuteteza ndi "ubongo" wa chipangizocho kuti chigwire ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka, lomwe limaphatikizapo ma module atatu: chowongolera unit, chitetezo cha relay champhamvu komanso kuwunika kwapafupi/kutali. Chowongolera unit makamaka chimasankha mitundu yodziwika bwino monga Deepsea DSE7320 ndi ComAp kapena zinthu zapakhomo zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana. Chimagwira ntchito poyambira/kusiya zokha komanso AMF (kutumiza zokha pamene mphamvu yamagetsi yalephera), ndipo chimatha kuyang'anira magawo ofunikira ogwirira ntchito monga kutentha kwa madzi, kuthamanga kwa mafuta, liwiro, magetsi, magetsi, ma frequency ndi mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, chimaphatikiza ntchito zingapo zoteteza monga overvoltage/undervoltage, overfrequency/underfrequency, overcurrent, short circuit, overspeed, high water temperature ndi mafuta otsika. Chimatha kujambula zokha zambiri zolakwika ndi zochitika zakale, ndikuthandizira kulumikizana kwakutali kwa RS485/Ethernet, kupereka mwayi wowongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza. Chitetezo cha relay champhamvu chimagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choteteza makompyuta ang'onoang'ono, chomwe chili ndi ntchito zonse zoteteza, kuphatikizapo chitetezo cha jenereta, chitetezo cha overcurrent/instantaneous trip, chitetezo cha ground fault (NGR side zero-sequence CT), chitetezo cha overvoltage/undervoltage, chitetezo cha overfrequency/underfrequency ndi chitetezo cha reverse power (pamene grid-connected). Chimatha kuyankha mwachangu zolakwika, kudula circuit ya fault munthawi yake, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zida. Ponena za kuwunika, kuphatikiza njira zakomweko ndi zakutali kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwakomweko, gulu lowongolera la high-voltage ndi gulu lowongolera la low-voltage zimayikidwa pakati mbali imodzi ya chidebe, zomwe zimathandiza kugwira ntchito ndi kuyang'anira pamalopo; patali, imathandizira ma protocol olumikizirana a MODBUS TCP/4G/5G, ndipo imatha kulumikizidwa ku SCADA system kapena cloud platform kuti iwonetse momwe chipangizocho chikugwirira ntchito nthawi yeniyeni, kusintha magawo ndi chenjezo loyambirira la zolakwika, kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza bwino.
Dongosolo lamagetsi lothandizira lamagetsi otsika limapereka chitsimikizo cha magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a chipangizochi, makamaka kuphatikiza kabati yogawa mphamvu yamagetsi otsika ya AC400V ndi dongosolo la DC24V DC. Kabati yogawa mphamvu yamagetsi otsika imapereka mphamvu zambiri ku zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira, kuphatikiza zida zoletsa kuzizira komanso zoletsa chinyezi monga zotenthetsera madzi, zotenthetsera m'malo ndi zotenthetsera zochotsa chinyezi, zida zamagetsi zowongolera zachilengedwe komanso zothandizira monga magetsi a m'zidebe, masoketi, mafani otulutsa utsi ndi zotsekera zamagetsi, komanso zida zotetezera ndi zowongolera monga zochapira, zida zamagetsi zowongolera ndi zowunikira moto/utsi; kabati ili ndi MCCB, zothyola ma circuit ang'onoang'ono, zida zoteteza kutuluka kwa madzi, magetsi owonetsa, ma voltmeter/ammeter, ndi zina zotero, kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa magetsi othandizira. Dongosolo la DC24V DC, monga mphamvu yadzidzidzi komanso yowongolera ya chipangizocho, limagwiritsa ntchito mabatire osungira a 24V osakonza asidi wa lead kapena otsika kutentha okhala ndi mphamvu ya 150–200Ah, ndipo lili ndi chojambulira chanzeru choyandama/chofanana ndi mphamvu ya AC400V, chomwe chingathe kuyendetsa mabatire osungira okha; nthawi yomweyo, lili ndi chosinthira chodzipatula cha batri (chotsekeka), fuse ndi chipangizo chowunikira kuti chitsimikizire kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha dongosolo la DC, ndikupewa kulephera kwa magetsi a DC pa kuyambika ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chipangizocho.
Dongosolo loyambitsa ndi la AVR ndiye dongosolo lothandizira lofunikira kwambiri kuti litsimikizire kukhazikika kwa magetsi a jenereta, likugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi makina akuluakulu a jenereta. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambitsa maginito yopanda maburashi ya PMG (kapangidwe kabwino). Poyerekeza ndi njira yachikhalidwe yoyambitsa, ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kupotoza, magwiridwe antchito odalirika komanso kukonza kosavuta, ndipo imatha kusintha malinga ndi zosowa za mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yolemetsa. Monga maziko olamulira a makina oyambitsa, chowongolera magetsi chodziyimira pawokha cha digito (AVR) sichingokwaniritsa malamulo amagetsi odziyimira pawokha kuti chitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa magetsi otulutsa a jenereta, komanso chimathandizira kuwongolera mphamvu/mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso kugawana mphamvu yogwira ntchito panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zizigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti chipangizocho chizigwira ntchito bwino.
Chingwe, busbar ndi dongosolo loyimitsa pansi ndi "mtsempha wamagazi" wa kapangidwe ka magetsi, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa kutumiza mphamvu zamagetsi. Chingwe chamagetsi champhamvu chimasankha chingwe cha mkuwa cha YJV22-8.7/10kV choletsa moto, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potumiza mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa jenereta, kabati lamagetsi amphamvu ndi kabati la NGR, ndipo chili ndi mawonekedwe oletsa moto, kukana kutentha ndi kukana dzimbiri; chingwe chamagetsi champhamvu chimasankha ZR-YJV 0.6/1kV, ndipo chingwe chowongolera chimasankha chingwe chotetezedwa cha ZR-KVV/KYJVP, chomwe chili ndi kukana mafuta, kukana kutentha komanso kuthekera koletsa kusokoneza, kuonetsetsa kuti zizindikiro zowongolera ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamphamvu ... Ponena za dongosolo lokhazikitsa nthaka, chipolopolo cha chidebecho chiyenera kukhazikika bwino (malo osachepera awiri), ndipo zida zonse zamagetsi monga jenereta yopanda mphamvu, kabati yamagetsi amphamvu, kabati ya NGR ndi kabati yamagetsi otsika zimalumikizidwa ku gridi yolumikizidwa. Kukana kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala ≤4Ω, zomwe zimatulutsa bwino mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida ndi antchito ali otetezeka.
Chitetezo ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa chipangizocho, chomwe chimachotsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha njira zingapo zodzitetezera. Chipangizo cholumikizirana ndi zitseko chamagetsi champhamvu chimatha kugwira ntchito yozimitsa kapena kutseka chitseko chikatsegulidwa, kuletsa ogwira ntchito kulowa m'dera lamagetsi amphamvu mwangozi ndikuyambitsa ngozi zamagetsi; chipangizo cholumikizirana ndi magetsi chamagetsi chimatha kupewa bwino ntchito monga kutseka ndi mpeni wapansi ndikutseka ndi magetsi, kuonetsetsa kuti zida zili bwino; chipangizo choyimitsa mwadzidzidzi chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera ya mbali zitatu ya makina, chowongolera ndi remote, zomwe zimatha kuyimitsa makina mwachangu ngati pachitika zolakwika mwadzidzidzi, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zolakwika; nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiro zachitetezo monga kuopsa kwamagetsi amphamvu, kusatseka, zizindikiro zoyimitsa ndi magetsi ochenjeza zimayikidwa pa chidebe ndi zida zamagetsi kuti zikumbutse ogwira ntchito kuti azisamala za chitetezo.
Kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa za anthu osiyanasiyana, chipangizochi chimaperekanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makonzedwe. Ngati pakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chotsika mphamvu zamagetsi kuti chipereke mphamvu yowonjezera, chosinthira cha bokosi cha 400V → 10.5kV chikhoza kukonzedwa; ngati pakufunika kusinthana pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chipangizocho, chipangizo chosinthira cha ATS/dual power chikhoza kufananizidwa; ngati pakufunika kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza kutali, bokosi loyang'anira kutali likhoza kukonzedwa, kuphatikiza ntchito za 4G/5G, GPS ndi nsanja yamtambo; kuti kulimbitsa chitetezo cha moto, njira yotetezera moto ya heptafluoropropane/aerosol ikhoza kukonzedwa, yogwirizana ndi zozindikira utsi ndi kutentha; kuti pakhale phokoso ndi kutchinjiriza kutentha, chotchingira ubweya wa miyala chokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri, chochotsa phokoso lolowera mpweya ndi utsi ndi zotsekera zamagetsi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zichepetse phokoso logwira ntchito la chipangizocho ndikusinthasintha ndi malo otentha.
Kapangidwe ka magetsi ka chipangizo chamagetsi champhamvu kwambiri kamatsatira miyezo yoyenera yadziko lonse komanso yapadziko lonse lapansi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zili bwino komanso chitetezo cha ntchito. Miyezo yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito ikuphatikizapo GB/T 2820 "Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Driven Alternating Current Generating Sets", GB/T 1029 "Njira Zoyesera Makina Ogwirizana Atatu", GB 50149 "Code for Construction and Accept of Busbar Installation Engineering", GB 50217 "Code for Design of Power Engineering Cables" ndi IEC 60034 "Rotating Electrical Machines". Makonzedwe onse amakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zilipo ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamagetsi pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-15-2026
