Momwe mungasankhire katundu wabodza kwa seti ya jenereta ya dizilo ya data

Kusankhidwa kwa katundu wabodza kwa seti ya jenereta ya dizilo ya data center ndikofunikira, chifukwa kumakhudza mwachindunji kudalirika kwamagetsi osunga zobwezeretsera. Pansipa, ndipereka chiwongolero chokwanira chokhudza mfundo zazikuluzikulu, magawo ofunikira, mitundu ya katundu, masitepe osankhidwa, ndi machitidwe abwino.

1. Mfundo Zazikulu Zosankha

Cholinga chachikulu cha katundu wabodza ndikufanizira katundu weniweni kuti ayesedwe mozama ndi kutsimikizira za seti ya jenereta ya dizilo, kuonetsetsa kuti ikhoza kutenga katundu wonse wovuta nthawi yomweyo ngati mphamvu ya mains yatha. Zolinga zenizeni ndi izi:

1. Kuwotcha Madipoziti a Mpweya wa Mpweya: Kuthamanga ndi katundu wochepa kapena kulibe katundu kumayambitsa "kunyowa kwapang'onopang'ono" m'mainjini a dizilo (mafuta osatenthedwa ndi kaboni amawunjikana muutsi). Katundu wabodza amatha kukweza kutentha kwa injini ndi kukakamiza, ndikuwotcha bwino ma depositi awa.
2. Kutsimikizira Magwiridwe: Kuyesa ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ya seti ya jenereta-monga mphamvu yotulutsa, kukhazikika kwafupipafupi, kupotoza kwa waveform (THD), ndi kuwongolera kwamagetsi - kuli m'malire ovomerezeka.
3. Kuyesa Kuthekera Kwakatundu: Kutsimikizira kuti jenereta imatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pamagetsi ovotera ndikuwunika kuthekera kwake kuthana ndi ntchito yonyamula mwadzidzidzi ndikukanidwa.
4. Kuyesa Kuphatikizika kwa System: Kuchita ntchito limodzi ndi ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch), makina ofanana, ndi machitidwe owongolera kuti awonetsetse kuti dongosolo lonse likugwira ntchito limodzi mogwirizana.

2. Zofunika Kwambiri ndi Zoganizira

Musanasankhe katundu wabodza, magawo otsatirawa a jenereta ndi zofunikira zoyesa ziyenera kufotokozedwa:

1. Mphamvu Yoyengedwa (kW/kVA): Mphamvu yonse ya mphamvu ya katundu wabodza iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi mphamvu yonse yovotera ya seti ya jenereta. Nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti asankhe 110% -125% ya mphamvu zomwe zidayikidwa kuti zilolere kuyezetsa kochulukira.
2. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi Gawo: Ziyenera kufanana ndi magetsi a jenereta (mwachitsanzo, 400V/230V) ndi gawo (mawaya atatu).
3. pafupipafupi (Hz): 50Hz kapena 60Hz.
4. Njira Yolumikizira: Idzalumikizana bwanji ndi zotulutsa za jenereta? Nthawi zambiri kumunsi kwa ATS kapena kudzera pa kabati yodzipatulira yoyeserera.
5. Njira Yozizirira:
   • Kuzirala kwa Mpweya: Koyenera mphamvu yotsika kapena yapakatikati (nthawi zambiri pansi pa 1000kW), mtengo wotsika, koma waphokoso, komanso mpweya wotentha uyenera kuthetsedwa bwino kuchokera mchipinda chazida.
   • Kuziziritsa kwa Madzi: Koyenera mphamvu yapakati kapena yayikulu, bata, kuzizira kwambiri, koma kumafuna njira yothandizira madzi ozizira (nsanja yozizirira kapena youma), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zoyambira.
6. Mulingo wa Control and Automation:
   • Kuwongolera Kwambiri: Kutsitsa / kutsitsa pamanja.
   • Kuwongolera Mwanzeru: Ma curve okhazikika okhazikika (kutsitsa ma rampu, kutsitsa masitepe), kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ndikujambulitsa magawo monga voteji, zamakono, mphamvu, ma frequency, kuthamanga kwamafuta, kutentha kwa madzi, ndi kupanga malipoti oyesa. Izi ndizofunikira pakutsata komanso kuwunika kwa data center.

3. Mitundu Yaikulu Ya Katundu Wonama

1. Katundu Wokaniza (Katundu Wokhazikika P)

• Mfundo yofunika: Amasintha mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala kutentha, kutayidwa ndi mafani kapena kuziziritsa madzi.
• Ubwino: Kapangidwe kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, kuwongolera kosavuta, kumapereka mphamvu yogwira ntchito.
• Zoyipa: Itha kungoyesa mphamvu yogwira (kW), siyingayese mphamvu ya jenereta (kvar) yowongolera mphamvu.
• Mawonekedwe a Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa gawo la injini (kuyaka, kutentha, kuthamanga), koma mayesowo ndi osakwanira.

2. Reactive Katundu (Purely Reactive Load Q)

• Mfundo Yofunika: Amagwiritsa ntchito ma inductors kuti adye mphamvu yogwira ntchito.
• Ubwino: Itha kupereka katundu wokhazikika.
• Zoipa: Osagwiritsidwa ntchito okha, koma amaphatikizidwa ndi katundu wotsutsa.

3. Combined Resistive / Reactive Load (Katundu wa R+L, amapereka P ndi Q)

• Mfundo Yofunika: Imaphatikiza mabanki oletsa ndi mabanki oyendetsa, kulola kuwongolera kodziyimira pawokha kapena kophatikizana kwa katundu wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika.
• Ubwino: Yankho lokondedwa la malo opangira data. Itha kutengera katundu wosakanikirana, kuyesa mokwanira momwe jenereta ikugwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) ndi kazembe kazembe.
• Zoipa: Mtengo wokwera kuposa katundu wodzitetezera.
• Chidziwitso Chosankhira: Samalani mtundu wake wosinthika wa Power Factor (PF), womwe umafunika kusinthidwa kuchoka pa 0.8 lagging (inductive) kupita ku 1.0 kuti mutengere zolemetsa zosiyanasiyana.

4. Katundu Wamagetsi

• Mfundo Yofunika: Amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi kuti adye mphamvu kapena kuzibwezera ku gridi.
• Ubwino: Kuwongolera kwapamwamba, kuwongolera kosinthika, kuthekera kopanganso mphamvu (kupulumutsa mphamvu).
• Zoipa zake: Zokwera mtengo kwambiri, zimafuna anthu odziwa kukonza bwino, komanso kudalirika kwake kumafunikira kuganiziridwa.
• Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito: Ndioyenera kwambiri kumalo opangira ma labotale kapena mafakitale opangira zinthu kuposa kuyesa kukonza malo m'malo opangira data.

Kutsiliza: Kwa malo opangira ma data, "Combined Resistive/Reactive (R+L) False Load» yokhala ndi zowongolera mwanzeru ziyenera kusankhidwa.

4. Chidule cha Njira Zosankhira

1. Dziwani Zofunikira Zoyesa: Kodi ndikuyesa kuyaka kokha, kapena kodi chiphaso chokwanira chantchito chikufunika? Kodi malipoti oyeserera odzichitira okha amafunika?
2. Sonkhanitsani Ma Parameter a Jenereta: Lembani mphamvu zonse, voteji, ma frequency, ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wamajenereta onse.
3. Dziwani Mtundu Wolemetsa Wonama: Sankhani R + L, wanzeru, wonyezimira wonyezimira wamadzi (pokhapokha ngati mphamvuyo ili yochepa kwambiri ndipo bajeti ili yochepa).
4. Werezerani Mphamvu Zamphamvu: Kuchuluka Kwambiri Kwabodza Kwambiri = Mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya unit imodzi × 1.1 (kapena 1.25). Ngati kuyesa dongosolo lofanana, mphamvuyo iyenera kukhala ≥ mphamvu yofanana.
5. Sankhani Njira Yozizirira:
   • Mphamvu yayikulu (> 800kW), malo ochepa achipinda chazida, kumva phokoso: Sankhani kuziziritsa kwamadzi.
   • Mphamvu zochepa, bajeti yochepa, malo okwanira mpweya wabwino: Kuziziritsa mpweya kungaganizidwe.
6. Unikani Control System:
   • Iyenera kuthandizira kutsitsa masitepe kuti muyesere kuchitapo kanthu kwenikweni.
   • Ayenera kulemba ndi kutulutsa malipoti oyeserera, kuphatikiza ma curve a magawo onse ofunika.
   • Kodi mawonekedwewa amathandizira kuphatikiza ndi machitidwe a Building Management kapena Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM)?
7. Ganizirani za Mobile vs. Kukhazikitsa Kokhazikika:
   • Kuyika Kokhazikika: Kuyikidwa mu chipinda chodzipatulira kapena chidebe, monga gawo la zomangamanga. Wiring wokhazikika, kuyesa kosavuta, mawonekedwe aukhondo. Chisankho chokondedwa cha malo akuluakulu a data.
   • Kalavani Yam'manja Yokwera: Yoyikidwa pa kalavani, imatha kutumizira ma data angapo kapena mayunitsi angapo. Kutsika mtengo koyambirira, koma kutumizidwa ndizovuta, ndipo malo osungira ndi ntchito zolumikizira ndizofunikira.

5. Zabwino Zochita ndi Malangizo

• Konzekerani Zoyesa Zoyesa: Konzekeranitu makabati oyeserera oyeserera munjira yogawa magetsi kuti maulumikizidwe oyesa akhale otetezeka, osavuta, komanso okhazikika.
• Njira Yozizira: Ngati madzi atakhazikika, onetsetsani kuti madzi ozizira ndi odalirika; ngati mpweya utazirala, ayenera kupanga njira zoyenera zotulutsa mpweya kuti mpweya wotentha usabwerenso mchipinda chazida kapena kuwononga chilengedwe.
• Chitetezo Choyamba: Katundu wabodza amatulutsa kutentha kwambiri. Ayenera kukhala ndi zida zachitetezo monga chitetezo cha kutentha kwambiri komanso mabatani oyimitsa mwadzidzidzi. Othandizira amafunikira maphunziro aukadaulo.
• Kuyesa Kwanthawi Zonse: Malinga ndi Uptime Institute, miyezo ya Tier, kapena malingaliro opanga, nthawi zambiri amayenda mwezi ndi mwezi osatsika ndi 30% yovotera, ndipo amayesa katundu wathunthu pachaka. Katundu wabodza ndi chida chofunikira chokwaniritsira izi.

Malangizo Omaliza:
Kwa malo a data omwe akufuna kupezeka kwakukulu, mtengo suyenera kusungidwa pa katundu wabodza. Kuyika ndalama muzitsulo zokhazikika, zokwanira, R + L, zanzeru, zoziziritsa madzi zowonongeka ndi ndalama zofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa dongosolo lamphamvu lamphamvu. Imathandiza kuzindikira zovuta, kupewa kulephera, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito, kukonza, ndi zowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito malipoti athunthu a mayeso.