Chotsukira utsi wouma, chomwe chimadziwika kutiDizilo Yopangira Tinthu Tating'onoting'ono (DPF)kapena chotsukira utsi wakuda wouma, ndi chipangizo chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa pambuyo pochotsa utsi wakudatinthu tating'onoting'ono (PM)makamakautsi wakuda (carbon soot)kuchokera kujenereta ya diziloUtsi wotuluka utsi. Umagwira ntchito kudzera mu kusefa thupi popanda kudalira zowonjezera zamadzimadzi, ndichifukwa chake mawu akuti "wouma."
I. Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito: Kusefa ndi Kukonzanso Thupi
Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule ngati njira zitatu:"Kujambula - Kusonkhanitsa - Kukonzanso."
- Kujambula (Kusefa):
- Mpweya wotentha kwambiri wochokera ku injini umalowa mu chotsukira ndikuyenda kudzera mu fyuluta yopangidwa ndi ceramic yokhala ndi mabowo (monga cordierite, silicon carbide) kapena chitsulo chosungunuka.
- Makoma a chinthu choseferacho ali ndi ma micropores (nthawi zambiri ochepera 1 micron), omwe amalola mpweya (monga nayitrogeni, carbon dioxide, nthunzi ya madzi) kudutsa koma amasunga zazikulu.tinthu tolimba (sosi, phulusa) ndi tinthu tachilengedwe tosungunuka (SOF)mkati kapena pamwamba pa fyuluta.
- Sungani:
- Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tagwidwa timadziunjikira pang'onopang'ono mu fyuluta, n'kupanga "soya." Pamene kuchulukana kwa utsi kumawonjezeka, mphamvu ya utsi imakwera pang'onopang'ono.
- Bwezeretsani:
- Pamene mphamvu ya utsi wa m'mbuyo ifika pamlingo wokonzedweratu (wokhudza momwe injini imagwirira ntchito), makina ayenera kuyambitsa"kubadwanso"njira yotenthera utsi wosonkhanitsidwa mu fyuluta, ndikubwezeretsa mphamvu yake yosefera.
- Kubadwanso kwatsopano ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri, makamaka kudzera mu:
- Kubadwanso Kwatsopano Kosachitapo Kanthu: Pamene jenereta ikugwira ntchito movutikira kwambiri, kutentha kwa utsi kumakwera mwachibadwa (nthawi zambiri >350°C). Msuzi wogwidwa umakumana ndi nitrogen oxides (NO₂) mu mpweya wotulutsa utsi ndipo umasungunuka (umayaka pang'onopang'ono). Njirayi imakhala yopitilira koma nthawi zambiri siikwanira kuyeretsa kwathunthu.
- Kukonzanso Kogwira Ntchito: Imayamba mokakamiza pamene mphamvu yakumbuyo ili yokwera kwambiri ndipo kutentha kwa utsi sikukwanira.
- Choyatsira mafuta (choyatsira moto): Dizilo wochepa amalowetsedwa m'mwamba mwa DPF ndikuyatsidwa ndi choyatsira moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kulowa mu DPF kupitirire 600°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweyawo utenthe mwachangu komanso kuyaka kwa sosi.
- Kukonzanso Chotenthetsera Chamagetsi: Choseferacho chimatenthedwa kufika pamalo oyatsira moto pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotenthetsera zamagetsi.
- Kukonzanso kwa Maikulowevu: Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya microwave potenthetsa tinthu ta soot mwachisawawa.
II. Zigawo Zapakati
Dongosolo lonse loyeretsera madzi nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo:
- Chosefera cha DPF: Chigawo chosefera chapakati.
- Sensor Yotsutsana ndi Kupanikizika (Kumtunda/Kutsika): Imayang'anira kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu fyuluta, imazindikira kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'nyanja, ndikuyambitsa chizindikiro chobwezeretsa mphamvu.
- Masensa a KutenthaYang'anirani kutentha kwa malo olowera/otulutsira mpweya kuti muwongolere njira yobwezeretsanso mpweya ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwambiri.
- Kubwezeretsa Choyambitsa & Dongosolo Lowongolera: Imawongolera yokha kuyambika ndi kuyimitsa kwa pulogalamu yokonzanso kutengera zizindikiro kuchokera ku masensa opanikizika ndi kutentha.
- Choyambitsa Kubadwanso Kwatsopano: Monga chojambulira cha dizilo, choyatsira moto, chipangizo chotenthetsera chamagetsi, ndi zina zotero.
- Chipinda Chosungira Zinthu ndi Chotetezera Zinthu: Kusunga mphamvu ndi kutentha.
III. Ubwino ndi Kuipa
| Ubwino | Zoyipa |
| Kuchotsa Fumbi Kwambiri Mwachangu: Kusefa bwino kwambiri kwa utsi wakuda (utsi wakuda), kumatha kufika >95%, kuchepetsa mdima wa Ringelmann kufika pamlingo wa 0-1. | Kumawonjezera Kupanikizika kwa Msana: Zimakhudza momwe injini imapumira bwino, zingayambitse kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito (pafupifupi 1-3%). |
| Palibe Madzi Oyenera Kugwiritsidwa NtchitoMosiyana ndi SCR (yomwe imafuna urea), imangofunika mphamvu zamagetsi ndi dizilo yochepa kuti ibwezeretsedwe ikagwira ntchito, popanda ndalama zina zowonjezera. | Kukonza Zinthu Zovuta: Imafunika kuyeretsa phulusa nthawi ndi nthawi (kuchotsa phulusa losayaka) ndikuyang'aniridwa. Kulephera kukonzanso phulusa kungayambitse kutsekeka kwa fyuluta kapena kusungunuka. |
| Kapangidwe Kakang'ono: Dongosololi ndi losavuta, lili ndi malo ochepa, ndipo ndi losavuta kuyika. | Yogwirizana ndi Ubwino wa Mafuta: Kuchuluka kwa sulfure mu dizilo kumapanga ma sulfate, ndipo kuchuluka kwa phulusa kumafulumizitsa kutsekeka kwa fyuluta, zomwe zimakhudza moyo ndi magwiridwe antchito. |
| Amayang'ana kwambiri PM: Chipangizo cholunjika komanso chothandiza kwambiri pothetsa utsi wakuda wooneka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. | Sichiza NOx: Imayang'ana makamaka tinthu tating'onoting'ono; imakhudza pang'ono ma nitrogen oxides. Imafuna kuphatikiza ndi dongosolo la SCR kuti ikwaniritse zonse. |
| Yoyenera Kugwira Ntchito MosakhalitsaPoyerekeza ndi SCR yomwe imafuna kutentha kosalekeza, DPF imatha kusintha mosavuta pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. | Ndalama Zoyambira KwambiriMakamaka pa zotsukira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa jenereta yamphamvu kwambiri. |
IV. Zochitika Zazikulu Zogwiritsira Ntchito
- Malo Omwe Ali ndi Zofunikira Zokhwima Zotulutsa Utsi: Mphamvu yosungira deta, zipatala, mahotela apamwamba, nyumba zamaofesi, ndi zina zotero, kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa kwa utsi wakuda.
- Madera a Mizinda ndi Okhala ndi Anthu AmbiriKutsatira malamulo a zachilengedwe m'deralo ndikupewa madandaulo.
- Ma Jenereta Oyikidwa M'nyumba: Chofunika kwambiri poyeretsa utsi kuti mpweya wamkati ukhale wabwino komanso kuti makina opumira mpweya akhale otetezeka.
- Makampani Apadera: Malo olumikizirana, migodi ya pansi pa nthaka (yosaphulika), zombo, madoko, ndi zina zotero.
- Monga Gawo la Dongosolo Lophatikizana: Yophatikizidwa ndi SCR (yochotsera nitrification) ndi DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) kuti ikwaniritse miyezo ya National IV / V kapena yapamwamba yotulutsa mpweya.
V. Zofunika Kuziganizira
- Mafuta ndi Mafuta a Injini: Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchitodizilo ya sulfure yochepa(makamaka kuchuluka kwa sulfure <10ppm) ndimafuta a injini otsika phulusa (CJ-4 grade kapena kupitirira apo)Sulfure ndi phulusa lochuluka ndizomwe zimayambitsa poizoni wa DPF, kutsekeka, komanso kuchepa kwa moyo.
- Mikhalidwe Yogwirira NtchitoPewani kugwiritsa ntchito jenereta kwa nthawi yayitali pa katundu wochepa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa utsi kuchepe, kupewe kubwezeretsanso mphamvu zomwe sizikugwira ntchito komanso kuyambitsa kubwezeretsanso mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.
- Kuyang'anira ndi Kusamalira:
- Yang'anirani mosamalakupanikizika kwa utsi kumbuyondimagetsi owonetsa kusinthika.
- Chitani nthawi zonsentchito yoyeretsa phulusa yaukadaulo(pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika kapena zida zapadera zoyeretsera) kuchotsa phulusa lachitsulo (calcium, zinc, phosphorous, ndi zina zotero).
- Konzani zolemba zosamalira, kulemba kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsedwa kwa zinthu komanso kusintha kwa kupanikizika kwa msana.
- Kufananiza Kachitidwe: Chotsukiracho chiyenera kusankhidwa ndikufananizidwa kutengera mtundu wa jenereta, kusuntha kwake, mphamvu yake, ndi kuchuluka kwa utsi womwe umachokera. Kufananiza kolakwika kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wa injini.
- Chitetezo: Pa nthawi yokonzanso, kutentha kwa chipinda chotsukira kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Kuteteza kutentha bwino, zizindikiro zochenjeza, ndi kupewa zinthu zomwe zingayaka ndikofunika.
Chidule
Chotsukira utsi wouma (DPF) ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchitoukadaulo wothandiza kwambiri komanso wodziwika bwinokuthetsa mavutoutsi wakuda wooneka ndi kuipitsidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'onokuchokerajenereta ya diziloImanyamula utsi wa kaboni kudzera mu kusefa kwa thupi ndipo imagwira ntchito mozungulira kudzera mu kukonzanso kutentha kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwake kumadalira kwambirikukula koyenera, mafuta abwino, mikhalidwe yoyenera yogwirira ntchito ya jenereta, komanso kusamalira mosamala nthawi ndi nthawiPosankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito DPF, iyenera kuonedwa ngati gawo lofunikira la makina onse ogwiritsira ntchito injini ndi jenereta.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-16-2025
