Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira Pakukula kwa Ma Jenereta a Dizilo Otumizidwa Kunja

Mukatumiza kunja ma jenereta a dizilo, miyeso ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza mayendedwe, kukhazikitsa, kutsatira malamulo, ndi zina zambiri. Nazi mfundo zatsatanetsatane:

1. Malire a Kukula kwa Mayendedwe

• Miyezo ya Chidebe:
  • Chidebe cha mamita 20: Miyeso yamkati pafupifupi 5.9m × 2.35m × 2.39m (L × W × H), kulemera kwakukulu ~ matani 26.
  • Chidebe cha mamita 40: Miyeso yamkati pafupifupi 12.03m × 2.35m × 2.39m, kulemera kwakukulu ~ matani 26 (Kiyubiki yayitali: 2.69m).
  • Chidebe chotseguka pamwamba: Choyenera mayunitsi akuluakulu, chimafuna kunyamula crane.
  • Choyikira chathyathyathya: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayunitsi okulirapo kapena osasweka.
  • Dziwani: Siyani malo okwana 10-15cm mbali iliyonse kuti mupake (bokosi/chimango chamatabwa) ndikuchilimbitsa.
• Kutumiza Mochuluka:
  • Magalimoto akuluakulu angafunike kutumiza katundu wambiri; onani mphamvu yonyamula katundu (monga kutalika/kulemera).
  • Tsimikizirani kutsitsa zida pa doko lopitako (monga ma crane a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ma crane oyandama).
• Mayendedwe a Mumsewu/Sitima:
  • Yang'anani zoletsa za misewu m'maiko oyendera anthu (monga ku Europe: kutalika kwakukulu ~4m, m'lifupi ~3m, malire a katundu wa ekseli).
  • Mayendedwe a sitima ayenera kutsatira miyezo ya UIC (International Union of Railways).

2. Kukula kwa Jenereta vs. Mphamvu Yotulutsa

• Chiŵerengero Champhamvu ndi Kukula:
  • Mphamvu ya 50-200kW: Kawirikawiri imakwanira chidebe cha mamita 20 (L 3-4m, W 1-1.5m, H 1.8-2m).
  • 200-500kW: Ingafunike chidebe cha mamita 40 kapena kutumiza katundu wambiri.
  • >500kW: Nthawi zambiri imatumizidwa ndi breakbulk, mwina yosweka.
• Mapangidwe Apadera:
  • Mayunitsi okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri (monga ma modelo osalankhula) angakhale opapatiza koma amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi kutentha.

3. Zofunikira pa Malo Okhazikitsa

• Chilolezo Choyambira:
  • Lolani 0.8-1.5m kuzungulira chipangizocho kuti chikonzedwe; pamwamba pa 1-1.5m kuti mulowe mpweya/crane.
  • Perekani zojambula zoyikamo zokhala ndi malo a bolt ya nangula ndi zizindikiro zonyamula katundu (monga, makulidwe a maziko a konkriti).
• Mpweya wabwino ndi kuziziritsa:
  • Kapangidwe ka chipinda cha injini kayenera kutsatira ISO 8528, kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino (monga radiator, ≥1m kuchokera pakhoma).

4. Kulongedza ndi Kuteteza

• Kuteteza Chinyezi ndi Kugwedezeka:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito ma phukusi oletsa dzimbiri (monga filimu ya VCI), mankhwala ochotsera dzimbiri, ndi kuletsa kusuntha (zingwe + chimango chamatabwa).
  • Limbikitsani zinthu zobisika (monga, ma control panels) padera.
• Zolemba Zowonekera:
  • Ikani chizindikiro pakati pa mphamvu yokoka, malo onyamulira (monga, malo onyamulira pamwamba), ndi malo onyamula katundu wambiri.

5. Kutsatira Malamulo a Dziko Lomwe Mukupita

• Malamulo Oyendetsera Miyeso:
  • EU: Ayenera kukwaniritsa EN ISO 8528; mayiko ena amaletsa kukula kwa denga.
  • Kum'mawa kwa Middle East: Kutentha kwambiri kungafunike malo oziziritsira ambiri.
  • USA: NFPA 110 ilamula kuti pakhale zilolezo zoteteza moto.
• Zikalata Zotsimikizira:
  • Perekani zojambula za miyeso ndi matchati ogawa kulemera kuti zivomerezedwe ndi kasitomu/kuyika.

6. Zoganizira Zapadera Zokhudza Kapangidwe

• Msonkhano Wokhazikika:
  • Magawo akuluakulu amatha kugawidwa (monga thanki yamafuta padera ndi gawo lalikulu) kuti achepetse kukula kwa katundu wotumizidwa.
• Ma Model Okhala Chete:
  • Malo otchingira mawu amatha kuwonjezera voliyumu ya 20-30%—fotokozerani makasitomala pasadakhale.

7. Zolemba ndi Zolemba

• Mndandanda wa Zolongedza: Miyeso yatsatanetsatane, kulemera, ndi zomwe zili mkati mwa bokosi lililonse.
• Zizindikiro Zochenjeza: Mwachitsanzo, “Kukoka kwapakati,” “Musamange” (m'chinenero cha m'deralo).

8. Kugwirizana kwa Zinthu ndi Magalimoto

• Tsimikizirani ndi otumiza katundu:
  • Kaya zilolezo zonyamulira katundu zazikulu kwambiri zikufunika.
  • Ndalama zolipirira doko lopita (monga, ndalama zowonjezera zonyamula katundu wolemera).

Mndandanda Wofunika Kwambiri

1. Tsimikizirani ngati miyeso ya phukusi ikugwirizana ndi malire a chidebecho.
2. Onetsetsani bwino malamulo okhudza mayendedwe a pamsewu/sitima.
3. Perekani mapulani okhazikitsa kuti muwonetsetse kuti tsamba la kasitomala likugwirizana.
4. Onetsetsani kuti ma phukusi akukwaniritsa miyezo ya IPPC yofukiza (monga matabwa okonzedwa ndi kutentha).

Kukonzekera bwino zinthu kumathandiza kuti katundu achedwe, ndalama zowonjezera, kapena kukanidwa. Gwirizanani ntchito ndi makasitomala, otumiza katundu, ndi magulu okhazikitsa katundu.