Mu ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi amphamvu kwambirijenereta ya dizilo, kumveka bwino kwa kugawa mphamvu zosinthika kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukhazikika kwa mayunitsi, chitetezo cha gridi yamagetsi ndi moyo wautumiki wa zida. Monga kampani yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi kukonza zida zamagetsi ndi ntchito zaukadaulo, timaphatikiza zokumana nazo zogwira ntchito pamalopo kuti tiwunike bwino mavuto akuluakulu, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri komanso mayankho a kugawa mphamvu zosinthika kwa majenereta a dizilo olumikizidwa ndi gridi (10.5kV/6.3kV), kupereka malangizo othandiza kwa ogwirizana nawo pantchitoyi.
I. Mfundo Zazikulu: Malo Ofunika Kwambiri Ogawa Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito
Poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi otsika mphamvu, mfundo yaikulu ya kugawa mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya gridi yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi amphamvujenereta ya dizilondi chimodzimodzi, koma zofunikira pakufananiza magawo ndi chitetezo cha insulation ndizokhwima kwambiri. Mfundo zake zazikulu zitha kufotokozedwa m'magawo atatu: AVR Droop yokhazikika, kufananiza kufananiza kwa kusonkhezera, ndi kuletsa kwa circulating current. Mfundo zitatuzi zikaphwanyidwa, mavuto monga kusalingana kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito, circulating current yochulukirapo, kugwedezeka kwa voliyumu, komanso kugwedezeka kwa chipangizo cha AVR kapena unit, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri kukhazikika kwa dongosolo lolumikizidwa ndi gridi.
Ponena za mfundo, mphamvu yogwira ntchito Q imatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu yomaliza, ndipo imazindikira kulamulira kosagwirizana ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito (yolamulidwa ndi bwanamkubwa). Pamene unit imodzi ikugwira ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu kumawonjezera mphamvu yomaliza, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa mphamvu; pamene mayunitsi angapo alumikizidwa ndi gridi, mphamvu ya dongosolo imakhala yapadera, ndipo unit iliyonse iyenera kugawa mphamvu yogwira ntchito malinga ndi khalidwe la Q-V droop (droop). Fomula yapakati ndi (komwe kuli kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu yopanda katundu, ndi mphamvu yotsika, ndipo ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya unit yokha).
Zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti kulumikizana kwa gridi yokhazikika ndi izi: mayunitsi onse ayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi positive droop (, conventional range 2%–5%), ndipo kugwira ntchito molunjika popanda droop kapena negative droop ndikoletsedwa; ma droop coefficients a yuniti iliyonse ayenera kukhala ofanana (kutsetsereka komweko kwa mayunitsi okhala ndi mphamvu yofanana, ndikugwirizana motsatizana ndi mphamvu ya mayunitsi okhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana); voltage yopanda katundu iyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse kuti ipewe mphamvu yozungulira yamkati.
II. Mavuto Apadera ndi Malangizo Oopsa Pakulumikizana ndi Gridi Yamphamvu
Kuwonjezera pa mavuto ofala a mayunitsi otsika mphamvu, kugawa mphamvu kwa ma seti a jenereta ya dizilo yolumikizidwa ndi gridi (10.5kV/6.3kV) kuli ndi mavuto apadera awa omwe ayenera kuyang'aniridwa:
1. Zofunikira Zokhwima pa Kuteteza ndi Kupirira Voltage
Kuchuluka kwa kutchinjiriza kwa makina otulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi amphamvu, zida za AVR, PT (Potential Transformers), CT (Current Transformers) ndi zingwe zolumikizira ziyenera kugwirizana ndi malo okhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi amphamvu; apo ayi, mavuto monga kukwawa, kusweka kwa kutchinjiriza ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa zida kungachitike. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuti kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu yozungulira yamagetsi yothamanga mbali yamagetsi amphamvu ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa mbali yamagetsi otsika. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yozungulira kudzawonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi ya stator ndikupangitsa kuti kutchinjiriza kutenthe kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika zazikulu monga kusinthasintha kwa magetsi pakati pa ma turn ndi kutopa kwa ma winding.
2. Kulondola kwa PT/CT ndi mawaya sizinganyalanyazidwe
Zolakwika mu chiŵerengero cha kusintha, polarity ndi gawo la PT ndi CT zidzatsogolera ku kusokonezeka kwa sampling ya AVR, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu, ndipo pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kusalingana kwakukulu kwa kugawa kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso kugwedezeka kwa magetsi. Nthawi yomweyo, dera lachiwiri la CT lomwe lili kumbali yamagetsi apamwamba ndi loletsedwa kwambiri kutsegulidwa, apo ayi lipanga ma volts zikwizikwi amagetsi ochulukirapo, zomwe zimawononga mwachindunji zida za AVR ndi zowongolera magetsi.
3. Kusagwirizana kwa AVR ndi Ngozi Yobisika Yodziwika Kwambiri
Kusagwirizana kwa mphamvu ya AVR droop coefficient ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kugawa mphamvu kosagwirizana mu kulumikizana kwa gridi yamagetsi amphamvu: ngati kusiyana kwa ma coefficient a droop pakati pa mayunitsi okhala ndi mphamvu yofanana kupitirira 0.5%, cholakwika cha kugawa mphamvu yogwirizana chidzapitirira 10%; ngati mayunitsi okhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana sakhazikitsa coefficient ya droop molingana ndi mphamvu, unit yayikulu idzadzazidwa pang'ono ndipo unit yaying'ono idzadzazidwa ndi mphamvu yogwirizana. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa mphamvu ya mayunitsi okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mavuto ozungulira amagetsi ndi kutentha kwa zida omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa magetsi adzakhala owonekera kwambiri.
4. Kusiyana kwa Makina Osonkhezera ndi Zoopsa Zokhudzana ndi Kulumikizana kwa Gridi ndi Mphamvu ya Municipal
Ngati kusakaniza kopanda burashi ndi kusakaniza kopukutidwa ndi burashi, kusakaniza kwa gawo ndi kusakaniza kolamulirika kusakanikirana m'mayunitsi olumikizidwa ndi gridi, izi zimabweretsa mawonekedwe osasinthasintha akunja a mayunitsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugawa kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito kusunthike komanso kusakhazikika kwa magetsi; kusiyana kwa kuletsa kwa kusuntha kwa mayunitsi opukutidwa ndi magetsi amphamvu kungayambitsenso kusagwirizana kwa magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yogwira ntchito isagwirizane. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene gridi yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi a boma (gridi yayikulu yamagetsi, khalidwe losagwedera),seti ya jenereta ya diziloiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi 3%–5%, apo ayi "idzachotsedwa pamlingo woyenera" ndi gridi yamagetsi, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto monga kubwezera mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa AVR ndi kugwedezeka kwa mayunitsi; kusakwanira kulondola kwa ma voltage, ma frequency ndi gawo musanayambe kulumikizana kwa gridi kungayambitsenso kusokonezeka kwa makina ochititsa chidwi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalingana kwa kugawa mphamvu yogwira ntchito.
III. Zovuta Zofala ndi Malangizo Othandizira Kuthetsa Mavuto Mwachangu
Pogwira ntchito pamalopo, zochitika zotsatirazi za cholakwika zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza mwachangu mavuto ogawa mphamvu mwachangu ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito othetsera mavuto:
- Chochitika 1: Unit imodzi ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu yogwira ntchito komanso mphamvu yochepa (monga 0.7), pomwe unit inayo ili ndi mphamvu yaying'ono yogwira ntchito komanso mphamvu yayikulu (monga 0.95) — Chifukwa chachikulu: Kutsika kwa AVR kosasinthasintha komanso makonda osafanana a voltage yopanda katundu.
- Chochitika Chachiwiri: Kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kusuntha kwa mphamvu yobwerera ndi kubwerera pambuyo pa kulumikizana kwa gridi — Choyambitsa chachikulu: Kutsika kwa coefficient pafupi ndi zero (palibe kutsika), kutsika kwa negative, kapena dongosolo losakhazikika la chisangalalo.
- Chochitika Chachitatu: Kugundana pafupipafupi kwa ma switch amphamvu kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri kwa stator, ndi alamu yotenthetsa kwambiri ya AVR — Choyambitsa chachikulu: Mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri yozungulira, mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri ya unit imodzi, kapena kulephera kwa PT/CT.
- Chochitika Chachinayi: Pambuyo pa kulumikizana kwa gridi ndi magetsi a boma, mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya seti ya jenereta ya dizilo imakhala yoipa (mphamvu yogwira ntchito) ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ikutsogolera — Chifukwa chachikulu: Kukhazikitsa kwa magetsi a seti ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi kotsika kuposa magetsi a gridi, kutsika kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri, kapena kusunthika sikukwanira.
IV. Mayankho Othandiza Pamalo Ogwirira Ntchito
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kugawa mphamvu zosinthika kwa ma jenereta a dizilo okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zolumikizidwa ndi gridi, pamodzi ndi zomwe takumana nazo pamalopo, titha kuyamba ndi magawo atatu: kulinganiza kulumikizana kwa gridi isanayambe, kukonza bwino kulumikizana kwa gridi pambuyo pa gridi, ndi kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu zosinthika kuti tiwonetsetse kuti kugawa mphamvu zosinthika ndi magwiridwe antchito okhazikika.
1. Kulumikizana kwa Pre-grid: Kulinganiza kwa Ma Parameter Oyenera
Kulinganiza magawo a magetsi musanalumikizane ndi gridi ndiye maziko opewera mavuto okhudzana ndi kugawa mphamvu. Mfundo zitatu zofunika kuziganizira: choyamba, kukhazikitsa kwa AVR droop. Kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yofanana kumayendetsedwa pa 2%–5% (4%) wamba, ndipo mayunitsi onse ndi ofanana kwathunthu; pamayunitsi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosiyana, kuchuluka kwa magetsi kumayikidwa motsatizana ndi mphamvu (). Mwachitsanzo, unit ya 1000kVA imayikidwa pa 4%, ndipo unit ya 500kVA imayikidwa pa 8%. Chachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa magetsi osanyamula katundu. Mphamvu yachiwiri ya PT kumbali yamagetsi okwera imagwirizanitsidwa (monga 100V), ndipo kupotoka kwa magetsi osanyamula katundu a AVR kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa ± 0.5%. Chachitatu, kuyang'anira PT/CT. Onani ngati chiŵerengero cha kusintha, polarity ndi gawo ndi zolondola, onetsetsani kuti dera lachiwiri lakhazikika bwino, ndikuletsa mwamphamvu kutsegulidwa kwa dera lachiwiri la CT.
2. Kulumikizana kwa Pambuyo pa Gridi: Konzani bwino kwambiri Kugawa Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito
Pambuyo polumikiza gridi, mfundo ya "kukhazikitsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito kaye, kenako kusintha mphamvu yogwira ntchito" iyenera kutsatiridwa kuti pang'onopang'ono kukhale koyenera kugawa mphamvu yogwira ntchito: choyamba, yang'anani mita yamagetsi yogwira ntchito, mita yamagetsi ndi deta ya mita yamagetsi ya gawo lililonse; ngati gawo lili ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito kwambiri (mphamvu yotsika), kusuntha kwa gawo kungachepe (mtengo wotsika wa AVR woperekedwa); ngati mphamvu yogwira ntchito ili yotsika (mphamvu yokwera), kusuntha kwa gawo kungawonjezeke. Cholinga chachikulu ndikukwaniritsa kugawa kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito molingana ndi mphamvu, ndi cholakwika chogawa chikuyang'aniridwa mkati mwa ± 10% (mogwirizana ndi muyezo wa GB/T 2820), kupotoka kwa magetsi ≤±5%, ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito ikukhalabe pa 0.8–0.9 mochedwa. Ngati zinthu zilola, ntchito yogawa mphamvu ya AVR yokha (kulinganiza mzere/kuzungulira kwamagetsi) ikhoza kuyatsidwa. Pa mayunitsi amphamvu, mizere yolinganiza ya DC (ya mtundu womwewo) kapena kulamulira mphamvu yogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito kumasankhidwa kuti kukhale kolondola kosintha.
3. Kulamulira kwamphamvu kwa magetsi: Kulimbitsa Chitetezo ndi Chitetezo
Malinga ndi makhalidwe a mayunitsi amphamvu kwambiri, njira zina zowonjezera zochepetsera mphamvu yozungulira ndi kukulitsa mphamvu yoteteza mpweya ndizofunikira: kukhazikitsa chipangizo chowunikira ndi kuteteza mphamvu yozungulira yozungulira yozungulira yozungulira yozungulira, chomwe chidzapangitsa kuti mphamvu yozungulira ichedwe kapena kugwedezeka pamene mphamvu yozungulira yopitirira muyezo (yopitirira 5% ya mphamvu yovomerezeka) kuti zipewe kuwonongeka kwa zida; mabwalo amphamvu olimbikitsa mpweya, zida za AVR ndi zingwe zolumikizira zimagwiritsa ntchito kalasi F kapena kupitirira apo, ndipo zimapirira mayeso amagetsi omwe amachitidwa nthawi zonse kuti ziwone zoopsa zobisika zoteteza mpweya; ma seti a jenereta ya dizilo amphamvu kwambiri pamalo omwewo ayenera kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana yolimbikitsa mpweya ndi chitsanzo cha AVR kuti apewe makhalidwe akunja osagwirizana omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kusakaniza.
V. Malire Okhazikika ndi Malangizo a Makampani
Malinga ndi muyezo wa dziko lonse wa GB/T 2820, kugawa mphamvu kogwira ntchito kwa ma jenereta a dizilo okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zolumikizidwa ndi gridi kuyenera kukwaniritsa malire otsatirawa: cholakwika chogawa mphamvu kogwira ntchito, ≤±10% pa mayunitsi okhala ndi mphamvu yomweyo, ≤±10% pa mayunitsi akuluakulu ndi ≤±20% pa mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana; kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yolamulira magetsi (kutsika) kumayendetsedwa pa 2%–5% (kutsika kwabwino), ndipo kugwira ntchito molunjika popanda kutsika kapena kutsika kwamphamvu ndikoletsedwa; mphamvu yozungulira ≤5% ya mphamvu yovotera, yomwe iyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala pa mayunitsi okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa zaka zambiri zomwe takumana nazo mumakampani, tikupangira kuti mabizinesi azitsatira mosamalitsa mfundo za "kulinganiza kulumikizana kwa gridi isanayambe, kuyang'anira kulumikizana kwa gridi itatha komanso kukonza nthawi zonse" pamene ma jenereta a dizilo amphamvu kwambiri akugwira ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi gridi: kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kulinganiza droop coefficient, voltage yopanda katundu ndi magawo a PT/CT musanalumikize gridi; kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni kugawa mphamvu yogwira ntchito, mphamvu yozungulira ndi kutentha kwa zida pambuyo pa kulumikizana kwa gridi; kuzindikira nthawi zonse ndikusunga makina osonkhezera ndi magwiridwe antchito oteteza kuti apewe zolakwika zokhudzana ndi kugawa mphamvu yogwira ntchito kuchokera ku gwero ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chipangizocho ndi gridi yamagetsi zikugwira ntchito bwino.
Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto enaake pa kugawa mphamvu kwa ma jenereta a dizilo okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mutha kulumikizana ndi gulu lathu laukadaulo, ndipo tidzakupatsani malangizo ndi mayankho a munthu ndi munthu payekha pamalopo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-28-2026
