Malangizo Othandizira Kulumikiza Ma Gridi a Ma Generator a Dizilo ndi Mphamvu ya Municipal

(2) Tsimikizirani Ma Parameter a Zipangizo Kuti Mutsimikizire Kugwirizana Kofanana

Chiyambi chachikulu cha kulumikiza gridi yama seti a jeneretaNdi mphamvu ya boma, magawo amagetsi a awiriwa amagwirizana kwambiri. Izi zili ngati maukonde a magiya awiri ozungulira, omwe ayenera kukhala ndi "kukula kofanana, liwiro lofanana, ndi mano ogwirizana". Makamaka, zinthu zinayi zofunika izi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa, zomwe palibe chomwe chingasowe:

• Kutsatana kwa Gawo Logwirizana: Zotulutsa za A, B, ndi C za jenereta ziyenera kugwirizana ndi magawo atatu a A, B, ndi C a magetsi a boma, omwe ndi maziko ofunikira a kulumikizana kwa gridi. Ngati gawo la magetsi silili bwino, lingayambitse ngozi zazikulu monga ma short circuits ndi kuphulika kwa zida. Gawo la magetsi likhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi mita ya gawo la magetsi kuti zitsimikizire kuti mawaya ndi olondola.
• Volti Yofanana: Mtengo wogwira ntchito wa mphamvu yotulutsa ya jenereta uyenera kukhala wogwirizana ndi mphamvu ya boma, nthawi zambiri kulola kupotoka pang'ono kwa ± 0.5%. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yokwera kwambiri, idzatumiza mphamvu yogwira ntchito ku gridi; ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yotsika kwambiri, jenereta silingathe kunyamula katundu wokonzedweratu. Mphamvu yotsitsimula imatha kusinthidwa kudzera mu Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) kuti ikwaniritse kufanana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.
• Kuchuluka Kofanana: Mafupipafupi a mphamvu ya boma ku China ndi 50Hz. Mafupipafupi otuluka a jenereta ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi mafupipafupi a mphamvu ya boma, ndipo kusiyana kwake kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa ±0.05Hz. Kusagwirizana kwa mafupipafupi kungayambitse kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu pakati pa chipangizocho ndi gridi, zomwe zimawononga zida. Kugwirizana kwa mafupipafupi kungapezeke mwa kusintha liwiro la injini ya dizilo.
• Gawo Logwirizana: Ngodya ya gawo la mphamvu yotulutsa ya jenereta iyenera kukhala yogwirizana kwathunthu ndi ya mphamvu ya boma, ndipo kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi yomweyo kuli pafupi ndi zero. Ichi ndi vuto lofunika kwambiri. Kupatuka kwakukulu kwa gawo kudzapanga mphamvu yayikulu yolowera, kuyatsa chozungulira cha jenereta, ndikuswa shaft yozungulira. Itha kuyang'aniridwa ndikusinthidwa kudzera mu synchroscope kapena chipangizo cholumikizira chokha.

(3) Yang'anani Mkhalidwe wa Zipangizo ndi Kuchotsa Zoopsa Zobisika

Musanalumikize gridi, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa bwino seti ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi zida zothandizira kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe zolakwika kapena zoopsa zobisika: choyamba, yang'anani seti ya jenereta yokha, yambani chipangizocho kuti muwone ngati sichikugwira ntchito, onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa madzi, kutentha kwa mafuta, ndi kuthamanga kwa mafuta ndi kwabwinobwino, popanda phokoso lachilendo kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa si yochepera 85% ya mphamvu yovomelezedwa; chachiwiri, yang'anani zida zokhudzana ndi gridi, kuphatikiza zida zowongolera kulumikizana, zotsekera ma circuit zolumikizidwa ndi gridi, zolumikizira zoteteza, ndi zina zotero, kuti muwonetsetse kuti mawaya olimba, zida zomvera, ndi zida zomwe zili bwino komanso zogwira ntchito monga kuteteza mphamvu kumbuyo, chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri, ndi chitetezo cha short-circuit; chachitatu, yang'anani malo okhala chipinda cha kompyuta, kutentha kwa chipinda cha kompyuta kumayendetsedwa pa 5℃-35℃, chinyezi chocheperako ndi chochepera 75%, ndipo mpweya wabwino ndi wabwino kuti mupewe kutaya kutentha kwa chipangizocho. Nthawi yomweyo, sungani mafuta okwanira a dizilo, ikani matanki osungira mafuta oposa awiri kuti mafuta atsopano azitha kulowetsedwa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi ozizira amaperekedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka kuti asakhudzidwe ndi kusokonekera kwa magetsi a m'boma.

II. Panthawi Yolumikizira Gridi: Sinthani Njira Zogwirira Ntchito ndi Kupewa Zoopsa Zogwirira Ntchito

Ntchito zolumikizira ma gridi ziyenera kutsatira mfundo ya "kuzindikira koyamba, kenako kusintha, kenako kutseka", ndikuyendetsedwa ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito panthawi yonseyi. Anthu omwe si akatswiri amaletsedwa kutenga nawo mbali. Njira ndi zodzitetezera zenizeni ndi izi:

(1) Sankhani Njira Yoyenera Yolumikizira Gridi

Pali njira ziwiri zolumikizirana za gridi, zomwe ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili: choyamba, kulumikizana kwa gridi yokha. Kudzera mu chipangizo chowongolera kulumikizana (monga zowongolera zapamwamba monga Deep Sea ndi ComAp), chimayang'anira nthawi yeniyeni magawo a gridi yamagetsi ndi jenereta, chimasintha liwiro ndi magetsi, chimagwira malo olumikizirana, kenako chimapereka lamulo lotseka lokha. Ndi yoyenera mayunitsi akuluakulu kapena zochitika zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri kuti magetsi azigwira ntchito bwino, ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso olondola; chachiwiri, kulumikizana kwa gridi ndi manja. Yang'anirani magawo kudzera mu synchroscope ndi magetsi ozindikiritsa kulumikizana, sinthani liwiro la injini ya dizilo ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya, ndikutseka switch ndi manja magawo atagwirizana. Ndi yoyenera mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimafuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito akhale ndi chidziwitso chambiri ndikutha kuweruza molondola malo olumikizirana.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kulumikizana kwa gridi yamanja kungagwiritse ntchito njira ya nyali yakuda kapena njira yozungulira kuwala kuti iwunikire momwe magetsi alili: njira ya nyali yakuda imawunikira kusiyana kwa magetsi kudzera mu kuyatsa kwa babu, ndipo njira yozungulira kuwala imawunikira kusiyana kwa ma frequency ndi gawo kudzera mu liwiro lozungulira ndi komwe kuwala kumalowera. Ngati magetsi ayamba kuyaka ndi kuzimitsa nthawi yomweyo, zimasonyeza cholakwika cha gawo, ndipo mawaya ayenera kusinthidwa musanayesenso.

(2) Ikani Mosamalitsa Mafotokozedwe Omaliza a Ntchito

Chipangizo cholumikizira chikawonetsa kuti magawo akugwirizana kwathunthu (kusiyana kwa magetsi, kusiyana kwa ma frequency, ndi kusiyana kwa magawo zonse zili mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka), ntchito yotseka ikhoza kuchitika: chotseka cha circuit cholumikizidwa ndi gridi chiyenera kuyendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono panthawi yotseka kuti tipewe ma inrush current omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ntchito yothamanga kwambiri; yang'anani nthawi yomweyo momwe unit imagwirira ntchito mutatseka, kuphatikiza magawo monga ma current, ma voltage, ma frequency, ndi mphamvu, ndikutsimikizira kuti palibe vuto lililonse. Ngati pali mavuto monga ma inrush current ambiri ndi phokoso losazolowereka la unit, switch iyenera kutsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo kulumikizana kwa grid kumatha kuyesedwanso mutathetsa mavuto.

Chikumbutso chapadera: Kutseka mwamphamvu pamene magawo sakugwirizana n'koletsedwa kwambiri. Kulumikizana kwa gridi kosasinthasintha kumeneku ndi ntchito yoopsa kwambiri, yomwe imapanga torque yayikulu yamakina ndi mphamvu yolowera, zomwe zingachititse kuwonongeka kwa jenereta yozungulira, kuphulika kwa chosweka cha circuit, komanso kukhudza gridi yamagetsi ya boma, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika.

(3) Malizitsani Kutumiza Katundu Mosavuta

Pambuyo potseka bwino, katundu wonse sungasamutsidwire ku jenereta nthawi yomweyo. Katunduyo uyenera kuwonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono: choyamba, yendetsani ndi katundu wopepuka kwa kanthawi, yang'anani ngati magawo a unit ndi okhazikika, kenako pang'onopang'ono onjezerani katunduyo ku gawo lomwe lakonzedweratu kuti mupewe kusinthasintha kwa ma frequency ndi kuyaka kwa unit komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa katundu. Nthawi yomweyo, kugawa katundu kuyenera kusinthidwa kudzera mu dongosolo loyang'anira mphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti jenereta ndi mphamvu za boma zimagawana katundu moyenera. Ngati ma jenereta angapo alumikizidwa ku gridi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito zimagawidwa mofanana, kupewa vuto lomwe unit imodzi imadzaza kwambiri ndipo ina imadzaza pang'ono, ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito kuchokera ku zida zoyaka.

III. Pambuyo pa Kulumikizana kwa Gridi: Limbikitsani Kuwunika Chitetezo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti Kugwira Ntchito Kokhazikika

Kulumikizana bwino kwa gridi si mapeto. Kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni ndi chitetezo ndi njira zofunika kwambiri kuti ntchito ikhale yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

(1) Kuwunika Ma Parameter Ogwira Ntchito Pa Nthawi Yeniyeni

Konzani antchito apadera omwe ali pantchito kuti aziyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni magawo ogwirira ntchito a jenereta ndi mphamvu ya boma, kuphatikizapo magetsi, ma frequency, current, mphamvu, gawo, kutentha kwa madzi, kutentha kwa mafuta, ndi zina zotero, ndikusunga zolemba za magwiridwe antchito. Ngati magawo osazolowereka apezeka (monga kusinthasintha kwa ma frequency kupitirira mulingo wololedwa, kukwera ndi kutsika mwadzidzidzi kwa magetsi, mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo, ndi zina zotero), njira ziyenera kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati kuli kofunikira, dulani switch yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, tulutsani jenereta kuchokera ku gridi, ndikulumikizanso ku gridi mutathetsa mavuto. Pakati pawo, chitetezo cha mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Pamene gridi yamagetsi itumiza magetsi ku jenereta (jenereta imakhala mota yamagetsi), relay yamagetsi yobwerera iyenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo kuti idule dera ndikuletsa injini ya dizilo kuti isakokedwe ndikuwonongeka.

(2) Kuchita Ntchito Yabwino Pakuteteza Magetsi ndi Kuteteza Pansi

Pamene jenereta yalumikizidwa ku gridi yamagetsi ya boma, chipangizo chodalirika chodzipatula chamagetsi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo chipangizo cholumikizirana chiyenera kuyikidwa kuti chitha kulumikiza gridi molakwika. Nthawi yomweyo, chipolopolo chachitsulo, bulaketi, ndi zina zotero za jenereta ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana yolumikizirana, ndipo thupi lolumikizirana liyenera kulumikizidwa molondola komanso molimba, ndi mphamvu yoteteza kutentha yoposa 0.5MΩ, kuti tipewe ngozi zamagetsi kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida chifukwa cha nthaka yoipa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikoletsedwa kwambiri kufananiza mwachisawawa magetsi a jenereta ndi magetsi a boma, ndipo kulumikizana kwa gridi kosaloledwa sikuloledwa popanda kukhazikitsa chipangizo cholumikizirana.

(3) Konzani Ntchito Yogwirizanitsa

Ngati pakufunika kuzimitsa kapena mphamvu ya boma ibwerera mwakale, katundu wa jenereta uyenera kubwezeretsedwa bwino ku mphamvu ya boma kaye. Pambuyo poti katundu wa unit uli pafupi ndi zero (kapena mphamvu yaying'ono kwambiri yobwerera), lamulo lotsegulira limaperekedwa kuti lichotse jenereta kuchokera ku gridi. Pambuyo poti yazimitsidwa, jenereta iyenera kugwira ntchito popanda katundu kwa nthawi yayitali kenako nkuzima ikazizira kuti ipewe kuwonongeka kwa zida zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuzimitsa kutentha kwambiri. Ngati mphamvu ya boma ibwerera mwakale, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti chipangizocho chimasintha chokha kupita ku magetsi a boma, ndipo chipangizocho chimachoka chokha ntchito ndikuzima mochedwa, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za muyezo wa GB51348-2019.

IV. Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kusamalira Tsiku ndi Tsiku: Kuyang'anira ndi Kusamalira Nthawi Zonse Kuti Muchepetse Kulephera kwa Zolakwika

Kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza tsiku ndi tsiku ndiye maziko otsimikizira chitetezo cha kulumikizana kwa gridi. Njira yokonza yonse iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti iyang'ane, isamale, ndikuyesa zida nthawi zonse. Mfundo zenizeni ndi izi:

• Kuyesa Kwachizolowezi: Yesani jenereta kamodzi pamwezi popanda kunyamula katundu, nthawi iliyonse kwa mphindi zosachepera 15, kuti muwone momwe chipangizocho chikuyambira, momwe chipangizocho chikugwirira ntchito, komanso momwe chipangizocho chikugwirira ntchito; yesani kunyamula katundu kamodzi pa kotala kuti muyerekezere momwe chipangizocho chikulumikizirana ndi kutsimikizira momwe chipangizocho chikugwirira ntchito komanso momwe chipangizocho chikutetezera chikugwirira ntchito.
• Kukonza Zipangizo: Sinthani mafuta a dizilo, mafuta a injini, choziziritsira, ndi zosefera mpweya nthawi zonse, ndikuyang'ana ngati pali kutuluka kwa madzi m'mapaipi amafuta ndi makina oziziritsira; sinthani nthawi zonse zida monga ma synchroscope, ma voltage regulators, ndi ma protection relay kuti muwonetsetse kuti pali magawo olondola; m'malo ozizira, kutentha kuyenera kuperekedwa ku chipinda cha kompyuta kuti zitsimikizire kuti chipangizocho chiyamba bwino pakagwa ngozi.
• Kuthetsa Mavuto a Zolakwika: Konzani akaunti ya cholakwika, lembani nthawi yake ndikuthetsa mavuto omwe akuchitika panthawi yolumikizira gridi (monga kulephera kwa kulumikizana kwa gridi, kugawa magetsi mosagwirizana, kuyenda kwa magazi mopitirira muyeso, ndi zina zotero), fufuzani chomwe chayambitsa vutoli, ndikupewa kubwereranso kwa mavuto ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali kugawa magetsi mosagwirizana, zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa governor kapena mawaya olakwika a transformer yamagetsi, yomwe ikufunika kukonzedwa ndikusinthidwa pakapita nthawi.
• Maphunziro a Ogwira Ntchito: Ogwira ntchito ayenera kulandira maphunziro aukadaulo, kudziwa bwino njira zolumikizirana ndi gridi, magwiridwe antchito a zida, ndi njira zodzitetezera, ndipo angathe kuyamba ntchitoyo pokhapokha atapambana mayeso. Ntchito yosaloledwa ndi yoletsedwa; konzani zoyeserera zadzidzidzi nthawi zonse kuti ogwira ntchito azitha kuthana ndi zolakwika zadzidzidzi.

V. Chidule: Lemekezani Mafotokozedwe ndi Kupeza Kulumikizana Kotetezeka kwa Grid

Kulumikiza gridi ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi magetsi a m'boma ndi ntchito yeniyeni yomwe "kuphonya kuli ngati mtunda wa kilomita imodzi". Sikuti imangofunika kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo zokha komanso kutsatira njira zoyendetsera ntchito zokhazikika, komanso kuyika kufunika kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kukonza komanso chitetezo. Kuyambira pakugwira ntchito zoyenerera ndi kutsimikizira magawo musanalumikizane ndi gridi, mpaka pakugwira ntchito kokhazikika ndi kusamutsa katundu panthawi yolumikizira gridi, kenako mpaka pakuyang'anira ndi kukonza nthawi yeniyeni mutalumikiza gridi, ulalo uliwonse suyenera kukhala wosasamala.

Tiyenera kutsindika kwambiri kuti antchito omwe si akatswiri amaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizidwa ndi gridi. Kulumikiza gridi kosaloledwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika sikungowononga zida zokha komanso kungayambitse kulephera kwa gridi yamagetsi komanso ngozi zachitetezo cha munthu. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi wamba, ngati kulumikizana kwa gridi kwa nthawi yayitali sikufunika, chosinthira chokhazikika cha "municipal power-generation" (ATS) ndi chisankho chotetezeka, chotsika mtengo, komanso chotsatira malamulo.

Pokhapokha potsatira malangizo aukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirira ntchito mosamala, komanso kuchita bwino ntchito yokonza tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipamene tingathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ubwino wolumikizira ma jenereta a dizilo ndi magetsi a m'matauni, kupeza magetsi otetezeka, okhazikika, komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, komanso kupanga ndi moyo wabwino.